Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games

Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games (ECGG) is a unique reference resource tailored to meet the needs of research and applications for industry professionals and academic communities worldwide. The ECGG covers the history, technologies, and trends of computer graphics and games.Editor-in-Chief Newton Lee, Institute for Education, Research, and Scholarships, Los Angeles, CA, USA Academic Co-Chair Jaci Lee Lederman, Vincennes University, Vincennes, IN, USA Patrick C. K. Hung, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Faculty of Business and IT, Oshawa, ON, Canada Shlomo Dubnov, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA Vinesh Thiruchelvam, Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Industry Co-Chair Shuichi Kurabayashi, Cygames, Inc. & Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan Xiaomao Wu, Gritworld GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany Editorial Board Anirban Chowdhury, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Department of User Experience and Interaction Design, School of Design (SoD), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India Abdennour El Rhalibi, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK Andrea Sanna, Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Turin, Italy Anthony Lewis Brooks, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark Barbaros Bostan, Bahçesehir University (BAU), BUG Game Lab, Istanbul, TurkeyChan Kok Chuen Alvin, Cambridge Corporate University, Lucerne, Switzerland Chris Joslin, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada Dario Maggiorini, University of Milan, Department of Computer Science, Milano, Italy Duncan A. H. Williams, University of York, Digital Creativity Labs, Department of Computer Science, York, UK Florian Richoux, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France Guven Catak, Bahçesehir University (BAU), BUG Game Lab, Istanbul, Turkey George Papagiannakis, University of Crete, Computer Science Department, Heraklion, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece Han Hu, Beijing Institute of Technology, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing, China Hoshang Kolivand, Liverpool John Moores University, Department Computer Science, Liverpool, UK Jaci Lee Lederman, Vincennes University, Vincennes, IN, USA Leigh Achterbosch, Federation University Australia, School of Science, Engineering, IT and Physical Sciences, Mt Helen, Ballarat, VIC, Australia Ruck Thawonmas, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan Rojin Vishkaie, Ball State University, College of Communication, Information, and Media, Muncie, IN, USA Ramazan S. Aygun, Kennesaw State University, Department of Computer Science, Marietta, GA, USA Saverio Debernardis, Politecnico di Bari, Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Bari, Italy Stefano Ferretti, University of Bologna, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bologna, Italy Susan Johnston, Select Services Films Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA Sicilia Ferreira Judice, University of Calgary, Dept. of Computer Science, Calgary, Canada Sercan Sengün, Illinois State University, Wonsook Kim College of Fine Arts, Normal, IL, USA Sai-Keung Wong, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan Tim McGraw, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USAVinesh Thiruchelvam, Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Yann Savoye, Liverpool John Moores University, Department of Computer Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom